Apache is the most commonly used Web Server on Linux systems. Web Servers are used to serve Web Pages requested by client computers. Clients typically request and view Web Pages using Web Browser applications such as Firefox, Opera, or Mozilla.

 

Installation

The Apache2 Web server is available in Ubuntu/Debian Linux. To install Apache2:

  • At a terminal prompt enter the following command: 
    sudo apt-get install apache2

 

Configuration

untuk konfigurasi webserver di 192.168.1.1 isinya adalah sebagai berikut

 

file /etc/apache2/apache2.conf

ServerRoot "/etc/apache2"
ServerName immkota.org
PidFile /var/run/apache2.pid
Timeout 300
KeepAlive On
MaxKeepAliveRequests 100
KeepAliveTimeout 15
<IfModule mpm_prefork_module>
    StartServers          5
    MinSpareServers       5
    MaxSpareServers      10
    MaxClients          150
    MaxRequestsPerChild   0
</IfModule>
<IfModule mpm_worker_module>
    StartServers          2
    MaxClients          150
    MinSpareThreads      25
    MaxSpareThreads      75
    ThreadsPerChild      25
    MaxRequestsPerChild   0
</IfModule>
User www-data
Group www-data
AccessFileName .htaccess
<Files ~ "^\.ht">
    Order allow,deny
    Deny from all
</Files>
TypesConfig /etc/mime.types
DefaultType text/plain
HostnameLookups Off
ErrorLog /var/log/apache2/error.log
LogLevel warn
# Include module configuration:
Include /etc/apache2/mods-enabled/*.load
Include /etc/apache2/mods-enabled/*.conf
# Include all the user configurations:
Include /etc/apache2/httpd.conf
# Include ports listing
Include /etc/apache2/ports.conf
# Include generic snippets of statements
Include /etc/apache2/conf.d/
LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\"" combined
LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b" common
LogFormat "%{Referer}i -> %U" referer
LogFormat "%{User-agent}i" agent
ServerTokens Full
ServerSignature On
<IfModule alias_module>
    Alias /icons/ "/usr/share/apache2/icons/"
    <Directory "/usr/share/apache2/icons">
        Options Indexes MultiViews
        AllowOverride None
        Order allow,deny
        Allow from all
    </Directory>
</IfModule>
<IfModule mod_autoindex.c>
    IndexOptions FancyIndexing VersionSort HTMLTable NameWidth=*
    AddIconByEncoding (CMP,/icons/compressed.gif) x-compress x-gzip
    AddIconByType (TXT,/icons/text.gif) text/*
    AddIconByType (IMG,/icons/image2.gif) image/*
    AddIconByType (SND,/icons/sound2.gif) audio/*
    AddIconByType (VID,/icons/movie.gif) video/*
    AddIcon /icons/binary.gif .bin .exe
    AddIcon /icons/binhex.gif .hqx
    AddIcon /icons/tar.gif .tar
    AddIcon /icons/world2.gif .wrl .wrl.gz .vrml .vrm .iv
    AddIcon /icons/compressed.gif .Z .z .tgz .gz .zip
    AddIcon /icons/a.gif .ps .ai .eps
    AddIcon /icons/layout.gif .html .shtml .htm .pdf
    AddIcon /icons/text.gif .txt
    AddIcon /icons/c.gif .c
    AddIcon /icons/p.gif .pl .py
    AddIcon /icons/f.gif .for
    AddIcon /icons/dvi.gif .dvi
    AddIcon /icons/uuencoded.gif .uu
    AddIcon /icons/script.gif .conf .sh .shar .csh .ksh .tcl
    AddIcon /icons/tex.gif .tex
    AddIcon /icons/bomb.gif core
    AddIcon /icons/back.gif ..
    AddIcon /icons/hand.right.gif README
    AddIcon /icons/folder.gif ^^DIRECTORY^^
    AddIcon /icons/blank.gif ^^BLANKICON^^
    DefaultIcon /icons/unknown.gif
    ReadmeName README.html
    HeaderName HEADER.html
    IndexIgnore .??* *~ *# RCS CVS *,v *,t
</IfModule>
<IfModule mod_mime.c>
    AddLanguage ca .ca
    AddLanguage cs .cz .cs
    AddLanguage da .dk
    AddLanguage de .de
    AddLanguage el .el
    AddLanguage en .en
    AddLanguage eo .eo
    AddLanguage es .es
    AddLanguage et .et
    AddLanguage fr .fr
    AddLanguage he .he
    AddLanguage hr .hr
    AddLanguage it .it
    AddLanguage ja .ja
    AddLanguage ko .ko
    AddLanguage ltz .ltz
    AddLanguage nl .nl
    AddLanguage nn .nn
    AddLanguage no .no
    AddLanguage pl .po
    AddLanguage pt .pt
    AddLanguage pt-BR .pt-br
    AddLanguage ru .ru
    AddLanguage sv .sv
    AddLanguage zh-CN .zh-cn
    AddLanguage zh-TW .zh-tw
</IfModule>
<IfModule mod_negotiation.c>
    ForceLanguagePriority Prefer Fallback
</IfModule>
<IfModule mod_mime.c>
    AddCharset us-ascii    .ascii .us-ascii
    AddCharset ISO-8859-1  .iso8859-1  .latin1
    AddCharset ISO-8859-2  .iso8859-2  .latin2 .cen
    AddCharset ISO-8859-3  .iso8859-3  .latin3
    AddCharset ISO-8859-4  .iso8859-4  .latin4
    AddCharset ISO-8859-5  .iso8859-5  .cyr .iso-ru
    AddCharset ISO-8859-6  .iso8859-6  .arb .arabic
    AddCharset ISO-8859-7  .iso8859-7  .grk .greek
    AddCharset ISO-8859-8  .iso8859-8  .heb .hebrew
    AddCharset ISO-8859-9  .iso8859-9  .latin5 .trk
    AddCharset ISO-8859-10  .iso8859-10  .latin6
    AddCharset ISO-8859-13  .iso8859-13
    AddCharset ISO-8859-14  .iso8859-14  .latin8
    AddCharset ISO-8859-15  .iso8859-15  .latin9
    AddCharset ISO-8859-16  .iso8859-16  .latin10
    AddCharset ISO-2022-JP .iso2022-jp .jis
    AddCharset ISO-2022-KR .iso2022-kr .kis
    AddCharset ISO-2022-CN .iso2022-cn .cis
    AddCharset Big5        .Big5       .big5 .b5
    AddCharset cn-Big5     .cn-big5
    # For russian, more than one charset is used (depends on client, mostly):
    AddCharset WINDOWS-1251 .cp-1251   .win-1251
    AddCharset CP866       .cp866
    AddCharset KOI8      .koi8
    AddCharset KOI8-E      .koi8-e
    AddCharset KOI8-r      .koi8-r .koi8-ru
    AddCharset KOI8-U      .koi8-u
    AddCharset KOI8-ru     .koi8-uk .ua
    AddCharset ISO-10646-UCS-2 .ucs2
    AddCharset ISO-10646-UCS-4 .ucs4
    AddCharset UTF-7       .utf7
    AddCharset UTF-8       .utf8
    AddCharset UTF-16      .utf16
    AddCharset UTF-16BE    .utf16be
    AddCharset UTF-16LE    .utf16le
    AddCharset UTF-32      .utf32
    AddCharset UTF-32BE    .utf32be
    AddCharset UTF-32LE    .utf32le
    AddCharset euc-cn      .euc-cn
    AddCharset euc-gb      .euc-gb
    AddCharset euc-jp      .euc-jp
    AddCharset euc-kr      .euc-kr
    #Not sure how euc-tw got in - IANA doesn't list it???
    AddCharset EUC-TW      .euc-tw
    AddCharset gb2312      .gb2312 .gb
    AddCharset iso-10646-ucs-2 .ucs-2 .iso-10646-ucs-2
    AddCharset iso-10646-ucs-4 .ucs-4 .iso-10646-ucs-4
    AddCharset shift_jis   .shift_jis .sjis
    AddHandler type-map var
    AddType text/html .shtml
    AddOutputFilter INCLUDES .shtml
</IfModule>
<IfModule mod_setenvif.c>
    BrowserMatch "Mozilla/2" nokeepalive
    BrowserMatch "MSIE 4\.0b2;" nokeepalive downgrade-1.0 force-response-1.0
    BrowserMatch "RealPlayer 4\.0" force-response-1.0
    BrowserMatch "Java/1\.0" force-response-1.0
    BrowserMatch "JDK/1\.0" force-response-1.0
    BrowserMatch "Microsoft Data Access Internet Publishing Provider" redirect-carefully
    BrowserMatch "MS FrontPage" redirect-carefully
    BrowserMatch "^WebDrive" redirect-carefully
    BrowserMatch "^WebDAVFS/1.[012]" redirect-carefully
    BrowserMatch "^gnome-vfs/1.0" redirect-carefully
    BrowserMatch "^XML Spy" redirect-carefully
    BrowserMatch "^Dreamweaver-WebDAV-SCM1" redirect-carefully
</IfModule>
# Include the virtual host configurations:
Include /etc/apache2/sites-enabled/

 

file /etc/apache2/site-avaliable/default

perlu di perhatikan bahwasanya server web ini menggunakan mode HTTPS 

NameVirtualHost *
#-------------------------------------------------- konfigurasi www.immkota.org--------------------------------------------
<VirtualHost *>
        ServerAdmin udienz@gmail.com
        ServerName www.immkota.org
        DocumentRoot /var/www/drupal/
        SSLEngine on
SSLOptions +FakeBasicAuth +ExportCertData +StrictRequire
SSLCertificateFile /etc/ssl/certs/server.crt
SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/ssl/private/server.key
        <Directory />
                Options FollowSymLinks
                AllowOverride None
        </Directory>
        <Directory /var/www/>
                Options Indexes FollowSymLinks MultiViews
                AllowOverride None
                Order allow,deny
                allow from all
                # kalo mau kunjungi http://www.immkota.org/ akan di alihkan ke  http://www.immkota.org/drupal-6/
                # tapi kalo ndak di pake juga ga papa
              #  RedirectMatch ^/$ /drupal-5.1/
        </Directory>
        # untuk script cgi
        ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ /usr/lib/cgi-bin/
        <Directory "/usr/lib/cgi-bin">
                AllowOverride None
                Options ExecCGI -MultiViews +SymLinksIfOwnerMatch
                Order allow,deny
                Allow from all
        </Directory>
        # pen catat error
        ErrorLog /var/log/apache2/error.log
        # Possible values include: debug, info, notice, warn, error, crit,
        # alert, emerg.
        LogLevel warn
        CustomLog /var/log/apache2/access.log combined
        ServerSignature On
    Alias /doc/ "/usr/share/doc/"
    <Directory "/usr/share/doc/">
        Options Indexes MultiViews FollowSymLinks
        AllowOverride None
        Order deny,allow
        allow from all
    </Directory>
        ScriptAlias /mywiki "/usr/share/moin/mywiki/moin.cgi"
        Alias /wiki "/usr/share/moin/htdocs"
        <Directory /usr/share/moin/htdocs>
        Options Indexes FollowSymLinks
        AllowOverride None
        Order allow,deny
        allow from all
        </Directory>
</VirtualHost>
# ---------------------------------------------- http://blog.immkota.org----------------------------
# ni konfigurasi Blognya, pake wordpress
<VirtualHost *>
ServerName blog.immkota.org
        DocumentRoot /var/www/wordpress/
SSLEngine on
SSLOptions +FakeBasicAuth +ExportCertData +StrictRequire
SSLCertificateFile /etc/ssl/certs/server.crt
SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/ssl/private/server.key
        <Directory /var/www/wordpress/>
                Options FollowSymLinks
                AllowOverride None
                allow from all
        </Directory>
</VirtualHost>
# ---------------------------------------------- http://forum.immkota.org----------------------------
#ni konfigurasi forum, pake phpBB3
<VirtualHost *>
ServerName forum.immkota.org
        DocumentRoot /var/www/phpBB3/
SSLEngine on
SSLOptions +FakeBasicAuth +ExportCertData +StrictRequire
SSLCertificateFile /etc/ssl/certs/server.crt
SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/ssl/private/server.key
        <Directory /var/www/phpBB3/>
                Options FollowSymLinks
                AllowOverride None
                allow from all
        </Directory>
</VirtualHost>
# ---------------------------------------------- http://elearning.immkota.org----------------------------
#ni konfigurasi elearing, pake Dokeos
<VirtualHost *>
ServerName elearning.immkota.org
        DocumentRoot /var/www/dokeos/
SSLEngine on
SSLOptions +FakeBasicAuth +ExportCertData +StrictRequire
SSLCertificateFile /etc/ssl/certs/server.crt
SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/ssl/private/server.key
        <Directory /var/www/dokeos/>
                Options FollowSymLinks
                AllowOverride None
                allow from all
        </Directory>
</VirtualHost>

 

install mod_ssl

untuk mengaktifkan mode https anda harus meng-enable kan module ssl dengan cara 

sudo a2enmod ssl

 

install sertifikat dan keamanan

hal ini dibutuhkan untuk membuat https 

openssl genrsa -des3 -out server.key 1024

Generating RSA private key, 1024 bit long modulus
.....................++++++
.................++++++
unable to write 'random state'
e is 65537 (0x10001)
Enter pass phrase for server.key:


openssl rsa -in server.key -out server.key.insecure

 

Pembuatan Self-Signed Certificate

openssl x509 -req -days 365 -in server.csr -signkey server.key -out server.crt

 

pembuatan Certificate Signing Request (CSR)

openssl genrsa -des3 -out server.key 1024


Generating RSA private key, 1024 bit long modulus
.....................++++++
.................++++++
unable to write 'random state'
e is 65537 (0x10001)
Enter pass phrase for server.key:

 

Install di server

sudo cp server.crt /etc/ssl/certs
sudo cp server.key /etc/ssl/private

 

kemudian…

restart services apache 

sudo /etc/init.d/apache restart